Access to Opportunity Structures in Causing Crime and...

There are many different factors that have to be considered when examining the role of access to opportunity structures in causing crime and deviance. Merton’s ‘Strain theory and anomie’ argues that deviance arises from the structure of society and that unequal access to legitimate opportunity structures is the cause of deviant behaviour. The main point that Merton’s theory outlines is the fact that people engage in deviant behaviour because they are unable to achieve socially approved goals by legitimate means, and when most people share similar goals for example financial success in an unequal society not all individuals have the opportunity to realise those goals by approved means, therefore they feel different, as the dominant rules†¦show more content†¦Members are not motivated by money success initially as a form of gratification and exhibit great loyalty to each other. However, Cloward and Ohlin criticise Cohen’s cultural explanation of crime. In particular, his failure to explain the variety of sub cultural forms that emerge out of the social structure, they maintain that the form working class creates subcultures depends on access to criminal networks. Criminal subcultures emerge when working class youths have access to criminal networks. The focus of their deviance is on material crimes such as burglary. Conflict subcultures emerge when working class youths lack access to criminal networks but live in an environment which values defence of territory and violence. The focus of their deviance is gang related ‘warfare’ and Retreatist subcultures emerge when working class youths are denied access to criminal or conflict subcultures. The focus of their deviance is on alcohol and drug abuse. In conclusion, even though all of these theories provide evidence for the role of opportunity structures in causing crime and deviance, being the unequal access to legitimate structures and the access of illegitimate structures leading towards criminal and deviant behaviour. It can be argued that access to opportunity structures do not fully explain causes for allShow MoreRelatedExamine the Relationship Between Deviance and Labeling1521 Words   |  7 PagesExamine the relationship between deviance and labelling. The relationship between deviance and labelling is partly based on the view of the stereotypical criminal. This stereotype suggests a white, working class, male as a deviant, making them a ‘suspect’ before they’ve even committed a deviant act. However, whether an act is labelled as deviant depends on who commits the act, where and when it’s committed, and how it is interpreted – and the label the individual is given as a result. 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Marketing Plan - 1852 Words

Marketing Plan Phase III Coffee has been a staple in just about every country to this date and normally a coffee shop would provide this beverage. With the different items available from a vending machine why not make one those items coffee. The marketplace is changing from day-to-day and who knows what the next big thing or fad may be. With the demand for coffee at an all-time high why not take advantage of its demand in the marketplace. The best way to provide coffee in a vending machine is fresh, hot, and at a reasonable price. To accomplish this every aspect of this plan is important to ensure that the customer gets his or her money worth out of the product. The correct placement of the machines along with, the right†¦show more content†¦Value-based pricing allows for the company to rely on the customer’s perceived value of the items they are receiving. Starbucks knows their customers and what they want so the use of this type of pricing strategy allows them to receive the most profit for their product. Bring the best quality and value to the customer all the while being able to retain profits will allow Starbucks vending machines to succeed. By taking full advantage of the globally known Starbucks brand name, utilization of positioning and differentiation strategies can catapult the new line of Starbucks vending machines to its already well established customer base while at the same time as capturing prospective customers in a strong way. According to Marketing, â€Å"Product positioning refers to the place a product occupies in consumers’ minds on important attributes relative to competitive products.† (Kerin, Hartley amp; Rudelius, 2011). As Starbucks competes in today’s market against both privately-owned and corporate coffee houses, the line of Starbucks vending machines will capitalize on a busy and mobile workforce seeking the highest quality of affordable coffee and tea in a quick and easy solution. The vending machines, strategica lly placed in major corporations and work-centers and in public transportation hubs (i.e., subway and bus stations), the cornerstone of positioning willShow MoreRelatedA Marketing Plan For A New Marketing Strategy966 Words   |  4 Pagesthe governmental legal requirements and, on the other hand, defines the organization’s policy administration. For a triumphant marketing plan, understanding the government legal approaches allows for efficient operation and inter-relationship with other organization. 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Types of Organizational Chart Free Essays

Businesses come in many different sizes and forms. Organizational charts are used to visually summarize the structure of a business. By using charts to study the overview of a business’ structure, owners can analyze how effective operations run. We will write a custom essay sample on Types of Organizational Chart or any similar topic only for you Order Now By identifying bottlenecks and redundancies, organizations ensure smoother operations and increased efficiencies. Organizational charts display businesses from different aspects depending on the nature of the business and the needs of the chart creators. When creating charts, it is essential to think ahead as to how the charts will be used, how they will be presented and to whom they are presented to. Hierarchical Hierarchical charts show the relationships between top and lower levels. These types of charts can show an organization’s structure, key top-level personnel and areas or employees they are in charge of. Hierarchical charts show authority and can be effective in summarizing the chain of command and accountability within an organization. Matrix Matrix charts display an organization as a group of teams with functions. Each box on the chart refers to the name of a team and its function or could display the team leader’s name. In the latter case, each team’s box breaks down into individual subteams of members and their subfunction. Flat Flat charts are used for companies that are owned, managed and operated with few employees. For instance, mom and pop stores are horizontal or flat organizations because there are few levels between these working the front line and management. Employees in flat organizations are often involved in key decision-making for the company. Flat organizational structures can be presented as a triangle which shows the owner at the top followed by a middle level and bottom level of departments. Geographic For very large companies with divisions dispersed throughout the world, a geographic organizational chart that shows the locations of divisions is beneficial. Typically, each box is used to display the division name, location and division head. The company’s main headquarters is displayed on the top level with the other geographic locations given on the bottom level. How to cite Types of Organizational Chart, Papers