Systems and Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Frameworks and Operations Management - Essay Example This investigation attempts to uncover significant parts of the move from physical to a computerized economy and how this advanced economy has prompted pivotal improvement in the economy of the republic of Korea. Another type of innovation springs out like clockwork or so of which without seeing this new varieties will in general influence the economy emphatically overall; consequently, creating it. It presents new social classes and prompts an alternate way to deal with business. In current occasions, the economy is exceptionally digitized which is described as huge, programmed and undetectable with unfavorable consequences for work. A model given is the digitisation of air travel, whereby 20 years back one needed to visit the air terminal to book a flight, however in current occasions one can book a flight and pay for it utilizing on the web administrations. It is evaluated that in under two decades the computerized economy will be as gigantic as the physical economy (Sears, 2007, 41). It is developing at a disturbing rate and individuals ought not think little of the rate at which it is changing because of the basic actuality that dissimilar to the physical economy, the advanced economy has no restrictions. ... As the worldwide economy is interconnected and coordinated it is huge to comprehend the impacts of data innovation on the economy when all is said in done and build up systems that will prompt the success of the worldwide economy in general (Eui-Hwan, 1999, 2). Data frameworks and innovation has prompted critical and apparent improvement on the economy. In macroeconomic viewpoint data innovation has influenced and improved the variables and examples of creations, speculation and business. In a microeconomic viewpoint, it has improved business exchanges in that it has prompted viable and proficient methods of correspondence and a translation of data among workers who are key players in monetary turn of events (Eui-Hwan, 1999, 2). In Korea educational innovation has prompted immediate and aberrant improvement of its economy. In 1995, the estimation of its data and correspondence industry was 30 trillion won, this figure rose altogether to 43 trillion won three years after the fact in 1 998. Shockingly enough its GDP likewise from 7.9% to 9.6%. Therefore, that year work in that industry expanded to 507,000 from 395,000 of every 1995. In the data and fare industry trades expanded to 30billion dollars in 1998 and cost increment rates in this industry administrations and hardware are - 0.2% and 6.7% in 1998 which is lower than the national normal (Eui-Hwan, 1999, 1). The job of the Korean government while managing monetary disappointment has additionally changed from tackling market inability to fathoming framework disappointment, where framework alludes to the players included, for example, the corporate, the unique individual, college and so on, and the earth which incorporates banking frameworks, work

There is no need for animal research anymore Essay

There is no requirement for creature look into any longer - Essay Example (Carl, n.d) This is being done for the sake of science, clinical research, beauty care products, tobacco and different types of purchaser items. Why aren’t these tests being so broadly denounced? How is this not unfeeling and unjustifiable? By one way or another one animal types will in general ignore the privileges of others when there is advantage. Be that as it may, is everything justified, despite all the trouble? Is it even legitimate? Do we at any point need creature experimentation in today’s universe of cutting edge logical reproduction and different strategies? As indicated by considers, the yearly number of creatures utilized in research center tests, arrives at an expected 100 million. These tests are performed on a wide scope of creatures that incorporate rodents, mice, bunnies, primates, monkeys yet in addition local felines and mutts (Carl, n.d). An expected 1600 chimpanzees are housed in U.S inquire about offices. Very nearly 23 million rodents and mice were exposed to â€Å"experimentation† in the year 1998. These figures originate from National Association for Biomedical Research. PETA, then again, says that the figures go higher. Rodents and mice were not by any means remembered for the 1996 Animal Welfare act, eventhough 90 percent of the testing is done on them. It wan’t until end of 2000 that they were remembered for these measurements. Many legitimize creature testing by crediting it for significant clinical achievements, including penicillin, chemotherapy for youth leukemia, hip substitution, insulin, the polio a ntibody and heart sidestep medical procedures. (Quick Facts: creature testing) The most widely recognized legitimization about creature experimentation is that it is an essential procedure for the advancement of medications, immunizations and remedies for human sicknesses. Those for creature testing legitimize the demonstration by asking, what will befall the examination on discovering fixes sicknesses, for example, AIDS, malignant growth and other heart ailments, if creatures aren’t utilized for clinical experimentation? Is creature trying so significant, that the exploration on these ailments won't

How to improve self confidence

How to improve self confidence How to Get Success in Life: Useful Tips Home›Tips for Students›How to Get Success in Life: Useful Tips Tips for StudentsMost people think that becoming successful and improving self-confidence is about acquiring new skills and habits. Of course, it is an important aspect, but you should keep in mind that another key to success in life is removing some of your bad habits.Read this article to learn what negative things you can eliminate from your life and leave more place for positive habits of successful people!8 Habits to Remove from Your LifeExcusesStop blaming anyone for your failure, be it your spouse, your family, your friends, your manager, your colleagues, or the world in general. Keep in mind that you’re the only person responsible for all your successes and failures. These excuses only hold you back; so remove them!PerfectionismNo one can attain perfection, so stop wasting your time trying to get it. Focus on improving yourself one step at a time and don’t worry abou t your flaws or mistakes.FearDo you tend to remain silent in a conversation even when you want to say something? Do you avoid risks? Do you constantly imagine the worst-case scenario? Mind that your fears prevent you from succeeding in life. Remove them and develop your courage. Speak up even if you’re scared. Voice your ideas. Chase your goals. Realize your dreams.Need to Control EverythingNo one can control everything, so stop trying to do it. It will only make you more stressed, frustrated, and upset, thus keeping you away from your success. Try to put less effort into the things out of your control and concentrate on the tasks you can do.Fixed MindsetYou have to make an attempt to change your perception and become more open-minded. Don’t let your mindset hold you in the past. Embrace everything new and strive to become wiser.Strife for Overnight SuccessOf course, luck plays its part in the success stories. But you can’t only wait for it to come. Success takes dedication an d time. So plan for your next day and work hard.Toxic PeoplePessimistic and negative people in your environment can make you pessimistic and negative too. Stop your contacts with such people and begin communicating with optimistic and positive individuals who will support you in chasing your dreams instead of holding you back. Such a shift will make you less stressed and more motivated.Habit to Say Yes When You Want to Say NoYou don’t want to end up doing the things you don’t want to do and let others take advantage of you. Take your courage to learn to say no when you don’t want to or can’t do something. Set right priorities and let others know about them too.

Access to Opportunity Structures in Causing Crime and...

There are many different factors that have to be considered when examining the role of access to opportunity structures in causing crime and deviance. Merton’s ‘Strain theory and anomie’ argues that deviance arises from the structure of society and that unequal access to legitimate opportunity structures is the cause of deviant behaviour. The main point that Merton’s theory outlines is the fact that people engage in deviant behaviour because they are unable to achieve socially approved goals by legitimate means, and when most people share similar goals for example financial success in an unequal society not all individuals have the opportunity to realise those goals by approved means, therefore they feel different, as the dominant rules†¦show more content†¦Members are not motivated by money success initially as a form of gratification and exhibit great loyalty to each other. However, Cloward and Ohlin criticise Cohen’s cultural explanation of crime. In particular, his failure to explain the variety of sub cultural forms that emerge out of the social structure, they maintain that the form working class creates subcultures depends on access to criminal networks. Criminal subcultures emerge when working class youths have access to criminal networks. The focus of their deviance is on material crimes such as burglary. Conflict subcultures emerge when working class youths lack access to criminal networks but live in an environment which values defence of territory and violence. The focus of their deviance is gang related ‘warfare’ and Retreatist subcultures emerge when working class youths are denied access to criminal or conflict subcultures. The focus of their deviance is on alcohol and drug abuse. In conclusion, even though all of these theories provide evidence for the role of opportunity structures in causing crime and deviance, being the unequal access to legitimate structures and the access of illegitimate structures leading towards criminal and deviant behaviour. It can be argued that access to opportunity structures do not fully explain causes for allShow MoreRelatedExamine the Relationship Between Deviance and Labeling1521 Words   |  7 PagesExamine the relationship between deviance and labelling. The relationship between deviance and labelling is partly based on the view of the stereotypical criminal. This stereotype suggests a white, working class, male as a deviant, making them a ‘suspect’ before they’ve even committed a deviant act. However, whether an act is labelled as deviant depends on who commits the act, where and when it’s committed, and how it is interpreted – and the label the individual is given as a result. FunctionalistsRead MoreThe Causes Of Deviant Behavior, Psychological Approach And Sociological Approach1676 Words   |  7 PagesDeviance is a kind of behaviour which is contrary to the dominant norms and values of society. In reality, there are many different theories to explain the causes of deviant behaviour, including biological approach, psychological approach and sociological approach. This essay will be using two criminological perspectives which are the biological and sociological explanations to analyse the causes of crime in depth, and evaluate the two perspectives and the related criminological evidence. SociologyRead MoreAnomie Theory1630 Words   |  7 PagesAnomie theory is important for explaining whether crime is a normal or abnormal (pathological) social phenomenon (Cartwright, 2011). It describes a lack of social norms, lawlessness and normlessness (Cartwright, 2013). In detail, it is a breakdown of social bonds between an individual and the community. This theory was first coined by Emile Durkheim, a French sociologist in his book Suicide published in 1897 (Cartwright, 2013). Later on, Robert Merton, the President of American Sociological AssociationRead MoreCrime Has No Solid Definition1399 Words   |  6 PagesCrime has no solid definition; as what may be considered criminal varies between cultures and countries. Still, many psychologists and sociologists might agree that crime serves a function in society, as it marks the limits of acceptable behaviour. Therefore, something will have to be considered immoral, in-order to preserve social norms and reduce the chaos that c an arise due to lawlessness. Acceptable behaviours begin to become instilled in individuals the minute they enter into their society,Read MoreRobert Merton Anomie THeory2189 Words   |  9 PagesUnited States of America. He took advantage of the culture riches surrounding him by frequenting nearby cultural and educational venues when he was in High School. Mertons numerous childhood encounters composed a basis for his theory of social structure. The field of criminology and criminal justice has employed many of Merton’s prominent concepts such as anomie, strain, manifest and latent functions, self-fulfilling prophecy, deviant, and the theory of reference groups. His theories are usuallyRead MoreIntegrated Theories of Criminal Justice Essay example3632 Words   |  15 Pageshypotheses drawn from competing theories. Tittles theory believes deviance results from the convergence of four variables: (1) the predisposition toward deviant motivation; (2) the situational stimulation of that motivation, which is called provocation; (3) the opportunity to commit deviance, which is most important in explaining specific kinds of deviance rather that deviance in general, since the opportunity for some kind of deviance is almost always present; and (4) the likelihood that a particularRead MoreTracing Theoretical Approaches to Crime and Social Control: from Functionalism to Postmodernism16559 Words   |  67 PagesMany individuals played an important role in the production of this thesis, and I would like to take this opportunity to note my heartfelt appreciation. First, I am indebted in particular to my entire family; most importantly, Mom; every path I have taken has been to make you proud, and I hope to fulfill your dreams through my shoes. I would also like to thank my sister Michelina, Joel, Dad, Nanny, Ken Jarret, Uncle Ian Aunt Kari, my guardian angel Thomas, Gran my late Grampy–without yourRead MoreCrime Is Something That Everyone Tries To Stay Away From,1480 Words   |  6 PagesCrime is something that everyone tries to stay away from, but ever wonder how people get involved even though everyone runs away from it? Committing a crime means to go against the constitution and portray an act that is punishable by law. Crime is considered shameful, idiotic and wrong, but individuals still choose to do it. What is worse than an individual committing a crime? When there is a group of people breaking the law, also known as gangs. Many people can commit crimes individually, but crimesRead MoreSociological View on Deviance and Drug Use Essay8777 Words   |  36 PagesIntroduction What can a sociologist tell us about deviance, and drug use that we do not already know? If there is anything distinctive about the sociologist view, it is their emphasis on social context. One of the central ideas of all human experience is meaning. Meaning is something imposed and socially made-up, and has two features: it is both external and internal. Meaning is assigned externally to objects and behavior by social cooperation. But it is also assigned by the individualRead Morecriminology in kenya3603 Words   |  15 PagesAS CRIME UNLESS THERE IS . EXPLAIN AN ASSET DURKHEIMS THEORY ON CRIME AND CRIME CAUSATION. STUDENT ID NO :12S01ALLB009 NAME : WACHIRA ANNE WANGUI DATE DUE :8/4/2014 [Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.] TABLE OF CONTENTS.INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1 OVERVIEW DURKHEIM’S THEORY ON CRIME†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

Marketing Plan - 1852 Words

Marketing Plan Phase III Coffee has been a staple in just about every country to this date and normally a coffee shop would provide this beverage. With the different items available from a vending machine why not make one those items coffee. The marketplace is changing from day-to-day and who knows what the next big thing or fad may be. With the demand for coffee at an all-time high why not take advantage of its demand in the marketplace. The best way to provide coffee in a vending machine is fresh, hot, and at a reasonable price. To accomplish this every aspect of this plan is important to ensure that the customer gets his or her money worth out of the product. The correct placement of the machines along with, the right†¦show more content†¦Value-based pricing allows for the company to rely on the customer’s perceived value of the items they are receiving. Starbucks knows their customers and what they want so the use of this type of pricing strategy allows them to receive the most profit for their product. Bring the best quality and value to the customer all the while being able to retain profits will allow Starbucks vending machines to succeed. By taking full advantage of the globally known Starbucks brand name, utilization of positioning and differentiation strategies can catapult the new line of Starbucks vending machines to its already well established customer base while at the same time as capturing prospective customers in a strong way. According to Marketing, â€Å"Product positioning refers to the place a product occupies in consumers’ minds on important attributes relative to competitive products.† (Kerin, Hartley amp; Rudelius, 2011). As Starbucks competes in today’s market against both privately-owned and corporate coffee houses, the line of Starbucks vending machines will capitalize on a busy and mobile workforce seeking the highest quality of affordable coffee and tea in a quick and easy solution. The vending machines, strategica lly placed in major corporations and work-centers and in public transportation hubs (i.e., subway and bus stations), the cornerstone of positioning willShow MoreRelatedA Marketing Plan For A New Marketing Strategy966 Words   |  4 Pagesthe governmental legal requirements and, on the other hand, defines the organization’s policy administration. For a triumphant marketing plan, understanding the government legal approaches allows for efficient operation and inter-relationship with other organization. Similarly, internal legal policies allow the company to uphold its operation in a set manner. 4.0: Marketing Audit A market audit process is a tool that can never be neglected despite the situation. However, very few companies carryRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Small Business2998 Words   |  12 Pagesin detail. †¢ The benefits of TQM when implementing the strategic plan to meet goals or increasing profit within a small business. †¢ The economy’s motivation of small businesses stability as compared to large businesses that are well established, also the financial assistance of other organization including the government. †¢ Different categories of a company and the importance of CRM to any size business. †¢ To compare the marketing plan of a small business and a large business where it reflects theRead MoreMarketing Plan827 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Marketing Business Environment Marketing Planning: An Overview of Marketing 6 main questions to ask in order to create your marketing plan: 1. Where are we now? (Business Mission, Marketing audit, SWOT analysis) 2. How did we get here? (Business Mission, Marketing audit, SWOT analysis) 3. Where are we heading? (Marketing audit, SWOT Analysis) 4. Where would we like to be? (Marketing objectives) 5. How do we get there? (Core Strategy, Marketing mix decisions, Organization, ImplementationRead MoreMarketing Plan3248 Words   |  13 PagesSAMPLE MARKETING PLAN The following pages contain an annotated sample marketing plan for Blue Sky Clothing. At some point in your career, you will likely be involved in writing—or at least contributing to –a marketing plan. And you’ll certainly read many marketing plans throughout your business career. Keep in mind that the plan for Blue Sky is a single example; no one format is used by all companies. Also, the Blue Sky plan has been somewhat condensed to make it easier to annotate and illustrateRead MoreMarketing Plan4753 Words   |  20 Pagesresponsible firm by highlighting its products based on ecotourism, community tourism and sustainable tourism. 2. Situation Analysis Blaze Mountain travels and Tours has been operating for several years now. The trips have been well received, and marketing is now critical to its continued success and future profitability. Blaze Mountain travels and tours offer concepts like ecotourism and sustainable tourism to older tourists and hard adventure trips to the student tourists. This target market appreciatesRead MoreMarketing Plan3688 Words   |  15 PagesSITUATION ANALYSIS The marketing environment for LIMCOMA represents overwhelming opportunities. It also contains some challenges that the firm believes it can meet successfully. An illustration below shows a SWOT analysis of the company to highlight LIMCOMA’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Strengths LIMCOMA’S dedicated founders understand the target market and products. LIMCOMA has achieved distribution in several markets with quick acceptance The firm has a very littleRead MoreMarketing Plan3847 Words   |  16 PagesA marketing plan is a comprehensive blueprint which outlines an organization s overall marketing efforts. A marketing process can be realized by the marketing mix, which is outlined in step 4. The last step in the process is the marketing controlling. The marketing plan can function from two points: strategy and tactics (P. Kotler, K.L. Keller). In most organizations, strategic planning is an annual process, typically covering just the year ahead. Occasionally, a few organizations may look atRead MoreMarketing Planning : The Marketing Plan Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesTo attract mixed segment ther is need to marketing planning is indeed the key to the whole marketing process. The marketing objectives state just where the company intends to be; at some specific time in the future. James Quinn succinctly defined objectives in general as: Goals state what is to be achieved and when results are to be accomplished, but they do not state how the results are to be achieved. They typically relate to what products will be where in what market. They are essentiallyRead MoreMarketing Plan For Subway Marketing1516 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive summary The marketing plan has close ties with the overall financial and business plan. This plan contents a strategy for success, and breaks it down into coherent, actionable components that will aid The Sub Shop to implement marketing activities to provide a firm return on investment. The following areas will help explain how the company plans to differentiate the business and product offering from the competition, and define the strategy that will drive its business forward. The aimRead MoreMarketing Plan1891 Words   |  8 Pagesa breakeven point in the second year after opening the store and become profitable in the third year of being in this business. In the first year, our profits will be low, due to low sales and high distribution, inventory, marketing and advertising and sales expenses. Marketing expenses will be very high in the first year. We have to inform the customers about this new product and get the consumers to try out this new concept. It will take â€Å"Just passin’ Thru† some time to build up the customer base

Types of Organizational Chart Free Essays

Businesses come in many different sizes and forms. Organizational charts are used to visually summarize the structure of a business. By using charts to study the overview of a business’ structure, owners can analyze how effective operations run. We will write a custom essay sample on Types of Organizational Chart or any similar topic only for you Order Now By identifying bottlenecks and redundancies, organizations ensure smoother operations and increased efficiencies. Organizational charts display businesses from different aspects depending on the nature of the business and the needs of the chart creators. When creating charts, it is essential to think ahead as to how the charts will be used, how they will be presented and to whom they are presented to. Hierarchical Hierarchical charts show the relationships between top and lower levels. These types of charts can show an organization’s structure, key top-level personnel and areas or employees they are in charge of. Hierarchical charts show authority and can be effective in summarizing the chain of command and accountability within an organization. Matrix Matrix charts display an organization as a group of teams with functions. Each box on the chart refers to the name of a team and its function or could display the team leader’s name. In the latter case, each team’s box breaks down into individual subteams of members and their subfunction. Flat Flat charts are used for companies that are owned, managed and operated with few employees. For instance, mom and pop stores are horizontal or flat organizations because there are few levels between these working the front line and management. Employees in flat organizations are often involved in key decision-making for the company. Flat organizational structures can be presented as a triangle which shows the owner at the top followed by a middle level and bottom level of departments. Geographic For very large companies with divisions dispersed throughout the world, a geographic organizational chart that shows the locations of divisions is beneficial. Typically, each box is used to display the division name, location and division head. The company’s main headquarters is displayed on the top level with the other geographic locations given on the bottom level. How to cite Types of Organizational Chart, Papers

Your Own Home Theater Essays - Television, Software, Netflix

Your Own Home Theater IMC Campaign Vanier College Team: Mark Gergely, Zackary Seferian George Gellad Table of Content Situation Analysis Overview Netflix is a company that provides individuals with movies and TV series. They started out in 1997, but it is only in 1998 that services started to be provided by sending DVD's by mail directly to the consumer's home. Their main goal was and still is to provide the population with on screen entertainment without having to purchase each individual movie. In the United States, Netflix started streaming in 2007, without getting rid of the mailing service. For Canadians, this process was only available starting 2010. Today, Netflix is growing each year, because of its low fee (8$ CAD per month) and spares people of having to buy each movie that they want to watch individually. One single movie will most likely cost more than the monthly subscription to Netflix. All you need as a customer to be able to use Netflix's services, is to have internet connection (on the device of your choice) and a Netflix subscription. *Note: there is much more content provided in the United States by Netflix that there is in Canada. Also, there is even less content available in Europe. Netflix has huge opportunities for the future and we can see why: Today, DVD sales are declining significantly. There still a lot of people that prefer to have a physical copy of their favorite movies and the members of our campaign is convinced that there will always be a marked for DVD's (just like there is still a demand in vinyl regardless of the fact that most music these days are downloaded or streamed online). Netflix has a great potential of growing (even if it is already a "big thing") because it offers a convenient way of watching on screen entertainment without having to go to a store or order the content online. Netflix is cheap, easy to use and offers plenty of variety. Netflix has a broad target market. It can be used by people of all ages. The only people that will not be part of this target market are the traditional ones that prefer buying DVDs, but even these people, while being conservative, will find content on Netflix that is not available in a physical form. This brings us to the Netflix exclusive series ("Stranger Things", "House of Cards"). This brand is doing an excellent job of bringing clientele by offering series that aren't available anywhere else. Last year only, Netflix released about 126 original series. So, when all this exclusive content becomes popular, traditional people don't have a choice but to watch it on Netflix. This means that they will eventually subscribe, pay the monthly fee and now they are also hooked to Netflix. For the past years, Netflix has been advertising on TV as well as on Billboards. They focused more on promoting their exclusive series in order to bring more subscribers. Netflix is advertising on all the most popular social media platforms: Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. They obviously have their website where you can sign up and watch movies as well as TV series , plus their exclusive content. In the year 2000, Blockbuster wanted to buy Netflix for 50 million US dollars. They refused and in 2002 they became a public company. They had t heir first profit in 2003 which topped out at 6.5 million US dollars (with a revenue 272 million US dollars. Their current marked share is priced around 140 dollars US. Today, they have almost 430 outstanding shares. One major problem that Netflix has, is that they offer content mostly in North America. Already Canada has less content that the US, but in Europe the availability is even shorter. If you take Romania for example, you can only find 10% of what is diffused in the United States. Our campaign if focused on Canada, but o ne thing we would like to improve perhaps in another campaign , is to offer more content to the rest of the world. As for the brand image, at the beginning of the 21 st century, Netflix established red to be its main color. Market Profile This

Laoban - Old Boss in Mandarin Chinese

Laoban - Old Boss in Mandarin Chinese Titles are important in Chinese culture, and they are used more frequently than in most Western countries. One good example of this is that titles can be used to address people, which you might be familiar with from your Mandarin class where you can call the teacher è€ Ã¥ ¸ « (lÇŽoshÄ «). While that can be done in English too, its usually reserved for younger kids and not as common as in Mandarin Chinese. è€ Ã¦  ¿/éâ€"† (lÇŽobÇŽn) - boss; shopkeeper The title for â€Å"shopkeeper† is lÇŽobÇŽn. This is used to refer to the owner or proprietor of a shop. LÇŽobÇŽn can be used when referring to or addressing the shopkeeper. LÇŽobÇŽn has two characters: è€ Ã¦  ¿/éâ€"†: The first one, lÇŽo, means â€Å"old,† and is a term of respect. It is the same character used in lÇŽoshÄ « (teacher). Even though it doesnt mean old in this context, it can be a useful memory aid to think of it like that.The second character éâ€"†, bÇŽn, means â€Å"boss,† so the literal translation of lÇŽobÇŽn â€Å"old boss.† Note that these are different in simplified and traditional Chinese (simplified: æ  ¿, traditional éâ€"†, but the simplified version is used in traditional too). The most common meaning of æ  ¿ is plank. To remember the word, create a vivid picture of a typical shopkeeper in China (whatever comes to mind when you think of the word), but picture the person with a face like an old, gnarled plank. Examples of LÇŽobÇŽn Click on the links to hear the audio. Nà ¨igà ¨ lÇŽobÇŽn yÇ’u mi hÄ›n hÇŽo de dÃ… ngxÄ «.é‚ £Ã¥â‚¬â€¹Ã¨â‚¬ Ã©â€"†æÅ"‰è ³ £Ã¥ ¾Ë†Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¦  ±Ã¨ ¥ ¿Ã©â€š £Ã¤ ¸ ªÃ¨â‚¬ Ã¦  ¿Ã¦Å"‰å â€"Ã¥ ¾Ë†Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¤ ¸Å"è ¥ ¿That shopkeeper has very good things.LÇŽobÇŽn hÇŽo. YÇ’u mà ©iyÇ’u mi pà ­ngguÇ’?è€ Ã©â€"†å ¥ ½. æÅ"‰æ ²â€™Ã¦Å"‰è ³ £Ã¨Ëœâ€¹Ã¦Å¾Å"?è€ Ã¦  ¿Ã¥ ¥ ½. æÅ"‰æ ² ¡Ã¦Å"‰å â€"è‹ ¹Ã¦Å¾Å"?Hello. Do you sell apples? Edit: This article was significantly updated by Olle Linge on April 25th 2016.

Practice in Supporting a Topic Sentence with Specific Details

Practice in Supporting a Topic Sentence with Specific Details AÂ  topic sentence contains the main idea upon which a paragraph is developed. Often it appears at (or near) the beginning of a paragraph, introducing the main idea and suggesting the direction that the paragraph will take. What follows a topic sentence are a number of supporting sentences that develop the main idea with specific details. Practice Excercise Here is an effective topic sentence for a descriptive paragraph: My most valuable possession is an old, slightly warped, blond guitar- the first instrument that I ever taught myself how to play. This sentence not only identifies the prized belonging (an old, slightly warped, blond guitar) but also suggests why the writer values it (the first instrument that I ever taught myself how to play). Some of the sentences below support this topic sentence with specific descriptive details. Others, however, offer information that would be inappropriate in a unified descriptive paragraph. Read the sentences carefully, and then pick out only those that support the topic sentence with precise descriptive details. When youre done, compare your responses with the suggested answers below: It is a Madeira folk guitar, all scuffed and scratched and finger-printed.My grandparents gave it to me on my thirteenth birthday.I think they bought it at the Music Lovers Shop in Rochester where they used to live.At the top is a bramble of copper-wound strings, each one hooked through the eye of a silver tuning key.Although copper strings are much harder on the fingers than nylon strings, they sound much better than the nylon ones.The strings are stretched down a long slim neck.The frets on the neck are tarnished, and the wood has been worn down by years of fingers pressing chords.It was three months before I could even tune the guitar properly, and another few months before I could manage the basic chords.You have to be very patient when first learning how to play the guitar.You should set aside a certain time each day for practice.The body of the Madeira is shaped like an enormous yellow pear, one that has been slightly damaged in shipping.A guitar can be awkward to hold, particu larly if it seems bigger than you are, but you need to learn how to hold it properly if youre ever going to play it right. I usually play sitting down because its more comfortable that way.The blond wood has been chipped and gouged to gray, particularly where the pick guard fell off years ago.I have a Gibson now and hardly ever play the Madeira any more. Suggested Answers The following sentences support the topic sentence with precise descriptive details: 1. It is a Madeira folk guitar, all scuffed and scratched and finger-printed. 4. At the top is a bramble of copper-wound strings, each one hooked through the eye of a silver tuning key. 6. The strings are stretched down a long slim neck. 7. The frets on the neck are tarnished, and the wood has been worn down by years of fingers pressing chords. 11. The body of the Madeira is shaped like an enormous yellow pear, one that has been slightly damaged in shipping. 14. The blond wood has been chipped and gouged to gray, particularly where the pick guard fell off years ago.

E-Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

E-Business - Essay Example In the United States, Oceanic Cable of Hawaii was the first to offer it beginning in 2000, immediately after the passing of the Y2K scare. Today, VoD is offered by numerous providers, particularly those who also offer triple play services.† At Netflix, this service was officially made available on January 14, 2008. (Linder 2008) Among the other providers are Amazon Video on Demand, YouTube, Sports Illustrated, Sony Pictures, and Slacker. The United States Postal Service (USPS) is a Government Corporation of the United States for providing postal service in the United States. Netflix chose USPS due to its relatively lower rate compared to private postal services. With the bulk of daily first-class mails, Netflix has to utilize the government’s postal service for efficiency and effectiveness. DVDs are delivered directly to the members address by first-class mail – with a postage-paid return envelope – from more than 50 distribution centers throughout the United States and streamed instantly online to members’ computers - for no additional cost. (Netflix 2009) Netflix has more than 100,000 titles and more than 55 million DVDs total. This means that there are about 550 DVDs of the same titles. Their inventory stipulates that â€Å"Every three months, Netflix members rent more than 95% of the 100,000 titles in the Netflix library. On any given day, more than 46,000 of the 100,000 titles available at Netflix are in distribution.† (Netflix 2009) This service is made possible by Netflix operating in more than 50 distribution centers located throughout the United States. More than 95% of Netflix members live within one-day delivery postal zones. On an average day, Netflix ships two million DVDs. (Netflix

The Patriots Victory at Saratoga Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Patriots Victory at Saratoga - Research Paper Example The British wanted to suppress the inner rebellions in the country in order to prevent any sort of foreign intervention. Hence, The British advanced to take control over the Hudson River which was of great strategic importance. The first Battle of Saratoga is also known as the battle of freeman’s farm which took place on 19th September, 1777. This is where the British army led by Burgoyne faced part of the General Gates’ army. There was extreme exchange of gun fire and British army was in need of immediate assistance. The distressed British force was able to mark its dominance in the battlefield only when it received military assistance from the German troops. The Americans were able to retreat under the cover of night and hence the British emerged as victors. Despite their victory, the British suffered heavy casualties and more than 600 died in this battle with the Americans still blocking their way to Albany. 1 The British army waited for few days and planned out batt le strategies about the ways they could strike after they receive military aid. While the British army was waiting for the aid, the Patriots were busy in reorganizing and reinforcing their army.

Fashion Children Family

Fashion Children Family Fashion victims? Children and consumption: when looking at families and family life today, sociologists often ignore some key family memberschildren. An important new study has begun to look at the way children shape their identities through their role as consumers: a case, perhaps, of we are what we buy?.  Sharon Boden,  Christopher Pole,  Jane Pilcher  and  Tim Edwards. Sociology Review  15.1  (Sept 2005):  p28(4). Full Text :COPYRIGHT 2005 Philip Allan Updates Sociologists have long been interested in consumption, that is, how we shop, where our purchasing needs come from, how we treat the products we buy and how consuming shapes out lives. Running alongside the study of the behaviour of consumers is a concern to understand what factors shape the marketplace and what the cultural intermediaries (television, print media, advertising campaigns) are that promote its value to us. The rise of the tweenager Consumption studies have largely focused on adults and have neglected children as independent, active consumers worthy of study. Children, however, have increasing purchasing power and status as new consumers in what has come to be known as the rise of the tweenager. Taking childrens clothes as a case in point, large-scale surveys, such as those undertaken by Mintel Market Intelligence (2003), confirm that this market is growing strongly (by 5% in 2002 compared with 2001). Retail competition is intense, with both designer labels (e.g. John Rocha, DKNY and Burberry) and everyday low-price retailers (e.g. Matalan, Asda and Tesco) proving to be huge growth sectors. Another useful source, www.juststyle.com, reports that in 2003 the UK childrens clothing market was worth 6.02bn [pounds sterling], accounting for 18.9% of the UKs total clothing expenditure, with fashion wear rather than traditional childrens wear being the growing sector. This translates on the high street into a shift away from traditional chains such as Adams and Marks Spencer to shops offering trendier, more covetable items (often celebrity copy-cat clothes) such as New Look and George at Asda. Lifestyle brands, such as Quicksilver and Billabong, which produce suif- and skateboard-related clothing, are making their mark as fashionable alternatives to bland, casual clothing lines. These figures show that, far from being absent from fashion consumption, children are very much present and active in driving forward the childrens wear industry. This leads to a situation in which the status of childrenand, indeed, the nature of childhood itselfis unable to be considered apart from the highly commercialised and media-saturated society that typifies the industrialised world. Sociological questions therefore need to be raised to understand the nature of consumption for children and how their corresponding new status in the marketplace may alter how they behave and how they are treated as social actors. Key concept A number of sociological issues are raised and can be analysed through the lens of childrens fashion consumption. These include: * social inclusion and exclusion within peer relations * changing power dynamics of the family and household * identity construction and performance in childhood * the commercialisation of the lifecourse and lifestyles Researching childrens consumption Having highlighted the growing significance of childrens consumption not simply in economic terms but more broadly in relation to key sociological concepts, we now offer a brief overview of our research project, which aims to provide insight into the link between children and consumption. Funded through the ESRC/AHRB Cultures of Consumption research programme, the study examines the practices and experiences of children in relation to buying clothes. In doing so, we are advancing understanding of the ways in which the home is penetrated by consumption, especially in relation to the ways in which children and parents act and connect as consumers. We are also adding to the existing knowledge of the political and cultural importance of children as consuming agents. The key questions guiding this research are: * What are the roles of children in choosing and buying their own clothes? How are these roles expressed and how have they changed over time? * In what ways do children engage with the concept of fashion and to what extent does it drive their wants and purchases? * How does fashion consumption alter the parent-child relationship and structure patterns of household consumption? Research methods Our data collection methods were selected to make the child the focus of the study (see also Box 1). We employed a range of participatory, qualitative methods designed to capture how children experience consumption in the context of their families. Box 1 Ethics and research with children When researching with children, certain ethical issues must be taken into account. * Avoid seeing the child as an object rather than a subject or social person acting in the world in their own right, * Protect the childs interests during the research. * Be attentive to the different experiences and competencies of the child and the adult researcher. * Establish a safe and effective rapport between researchers and children/families, based on trust, with the assurance that data will be treated sensitively. * Ensure that the aims and objectives of the research are transparent and beyond question, not only at the time of seeking access to children but throughout the research process. Source: adapted from E Christensen and A. Prout (2002) Working with ethical symmetry in social research with children, Childhood, Vol. 9, No. 4 The research focused on the consumer behaviour of 15 children, aged between 6 and 15, who were located in eight families spread across England. They were visited five times by a member of the research team. Specifically, activities undertaken with these children during such visits included: * unstructured discussions covering a wide range of topics, including shopping for clothes, trying to negotiate purchases with parents, imitating the images of pop stars and sports stars, and keeping up with the latest fashion trends * write and draw project-based work in which children were given the opportunity to express creatively their clothing likes and dislikes * a wardrobe audit, in which children actively presented their clothes to the researcher and explained to them both the processes leading up to the purchase and how/if the garment was being worn * photographychildren were given disposable cameras to record any new clothing purchases and to depict any aspect of fashion that was important to them Besides these child-centred research methods, the researchers observed relevant family activities, such as shopping trips and browsing through clothing catalogues. We conducted interviews with mothers based on the diaries they had been completing during the study, and spoke to a number of people who work in the childrens wear industry and are responsible for producing and promoting the clothes. Clothes, gender and parents concerns The approach outlined above provided us with a large amount of relevant and richly detailed data which will contribute to sociological debate in the areas of consumption, childhood and fashion. Some issues arising from our study include the ways in which children and their parents use clothing in the construction and embodied expression of gendered identities. Here, using our varying sources of data, we have been looking at childrens displays of femininity or masculinity, how children relate to their age and the process of growing up, and how these things can be viewed in either a positive or a negative light. Perhaps the most substantive issue to arise in this respect is how parents label some girls clothes as too provocative, Items such as bras, thongs, low-cut tops, miniskirts, skimpy things, cropped tops, really short clothes have all been identified by parents as inappropriate clothing for children. Parents consider them inappropriate because they encourage children to be looked at and thought of in a sexualised way. In the focus groups we held with parents (which formed part of the process of family selection for the year-long study) mention was made by them of paedophiles, weirdos and the wrong sort of people giving the wrong sort of attention to children who dress in the sorts of items listed above. Items such as high heels, which are thought to accentuate the female figure, were frowned upon. A related problem identified by parents is that the styling of girls clothes has been changing over recent years to mimic that of adultsmini-mums outfits was the phrase used by one mother. Children clothes and identify construction The issue of clothes in relation to modesty and respectability was significant for the girls themselves. They expressed worries about wearing clothes that exposed too much bare skin or that appeared too old for themformulating clothing-personality associations: the wearing of an inappropriate garment might reflect a side of their personality they wanted to disguise or were net yet at ease with. More broadly, this demonstrates how material culture can be a narrative resource in childrens expressions: children speak about clothes in ways that (they feel) illuminate their identities. Childrens accounts of their preferences and their use of clothing have, in turn, shed light upon issues such as taste and style, and the importance of fashion to image, lifestyle and belonging to either gender. Unlike girls fashions, boys fashions seem consistent, unthreatening and net so overtly gendered as their female counterparts. Other gender-based issues to emerge from our study include: * the differences in clothing design, including fabric, colour and styling, which culturally demarcate girls and boys in modern consumer cultures * the faster physical development of girls and the related problems of sizing * the adoption of same-sex role models and fashion icons * the significance attached to label culture and branded sportswear Both boys and girls, it seems, have the capacity to discriminate in relation to clothing quality and style from an early age and, in the course of the study, they offered independent appraisals and critiques of the fashion marketplace and of particular labels. They drew attention to the potential social dangers of purchasing poor-quality, unfashionable or inappropriate clothing. In the interview in Box 2, the Nike brand is used to influence the teenager Josephs perceived popularity and to wrap a protective veil over his physical body that deflects attention to the commodity of the sign (in this case, the well-known Nike swoosh). Box 2 Constructing style Joseph (aged 15) used Nike style to encourage others to gaze upon, envy and copy his look, encouraging in his peers a type of conspicuous consumption of himself. His comments reveal a self-reflexive sense of pride and achievement in constructing a stylish appearance. Researcher: What do you mean by looking flashy? Joseph: Youve got good style clothes and, you know, shiny like this looks cool. Ive got an outfit upstairs which is I call it flasher, Ill show you that if you want. Researcher: Yeah? Joseph: Yeah, like that. Peoplewhen youre walking about the streettheyd look at you and go, Oh, look at that! Researcher: You would like that? You like that sort of thing? Joseph: Yeah. When I was wearing that coat yesterday, everyone was doing that. So that was a good vibe. Early analysis suggests a link between the perceived social significance of labels and clothing type and the processes of growing up. Some children come to reject former signifiers of their childhood in an attempt to age up into a more teenage style. For boys, a greater symbolic value seems to attach to constructing a cool image through wearing sports and surf/skate clothes. For girls, this has taken the form of turning against Barbie and other labels perceived as childish (see Box 3). Box 3 Turning against Barbie The following interview from the Leicester research is an example of a 7-year-old female from a rural village turning against Barbie (a brand of clothing and accessories which is an offshoot from the Barbie doll) as proof of no longer being a little girl. Megan is pushing away and rejecting a former signifier of her childhood in an attempt to age up into a more teenage style. Researcher: [Have you got] Anything with Disney on or Barbie? Megan: No, no no! Definitely net Barbie! Researcher: You dont like Barbie? Megans mother: No. She used to. Researcher: Why dont you like Barbie? Megans brother William, aged 9: She used to have this top with Barbie on. Megan: Shes too little for me. Researcher: But you used to like her. Maybe shes okay for little girls? Megans mother: Yeah, I think I would say a year ago she stopped. Se everything that has Barbie on Megan doesnt like. Researcher: Weve got a few sporty tops here, like these fleeces. Megans mother: Yeah, that one has got Boston on. Thats had some wear. Megan: Well, I think thats quite sporty and this one I like. Conclusion The relationship of children to fashion consumption throws up a fascinating range of sociological issues, from the changing power relations between children, their peers, their parents and the marketplace, to the use-value (to keep warm and dry) and sign-value (to look good) of clothes for childrens identity construction. The ever expanding opportunities and invitations of consumer culture are negotiated by children as part and parcel of everyday life. There are, to be sure, many paths open to social researchers wanting to develop an understanding of how contemporary consumer culture operates. In this article, we have presented an overview of out own study, which prioritises childrens experiences of consuming clothes. The study has already given many interesting insights into the nature, processes and consequences of consumption for children and childhood. Signposts There is relatively little material available to students on the sociology of childhood, so this will be a welcome addition. The authors look at a particular and relatively new aspect of childhoodchildren as consumers. The material provides useful information for discussions on the role of children in the family, the power of the mass media and marketing organisations, the development of gender roles and ideas of self, as well as highlighting issues about the considerable gap between the better-off and the poor and marginalised groups of society. There are political issues as well, not least concerns over the trend to make ever younger children, particularly girls, adopt semi-adult styles of dress and become conscious of body image. If, as the postmodernists suggest, society is increasingly concerned with style and outward appearances, this article shows that even some of the youngest members of society are affected. Some of the research methods outlined in the article could be adopted as the basis for interesting coursework, although students taking this route should be aware of the ethical issues of using young children as subjects and should discuss their ideas with their teachers before embarking on their research. Reference and further reading Boden, S., Pole, C., Pilcher, J. and Edwards, T. (2004) New consumers? The social and cultural significance of childrens fashion consumption, ESRC Cultures of Consumption Working Paper Series, www.consume.bbk.ac.uk Featherstone, M. (1991) Consumer Culture and Postmodernism, Sage. Gunter, B. and Furnham, A. (1998) Children as Consumers, Routledge. Martens, L., Southerton, D. and Scott, S. (2004) Bringing children (and parents) into the sociology of consumption, Journal of Consumer Culture, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 155-182. Russell, R. and Tyler, M. (2002) Thank heaven for little girls, Sociology, Vol. 36, pp. 619-637. The authors involved in this research project are all based in the Sociology Department at the University of Leicester.

The Relationship of Childhood Sexual Abuse to Teenage Pregnancy

Running Head: RESEARCH ARTICLE REVIEW Research Article Review The Relationship of Childhood Sexual Abuse to Teenage Pregnancy Ashlee L. Glover Lindenwood University The Relationship of Childhood Sexual Abuse to Teenage Pregnancy I. Questions and Answers 1. â€Å"The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and teenage pregnancy† (Roosa, Tein, Reinholtz, & Angelini, 1997). 2. â€Å"Three research questions guided this effort. First, do women who were sexually abused as children and women who had teenage pregnancy have similar developmental backgrounds (sociodemographic and risk factor profiles)? Second, does the risk for teenage pregnancy differ, based on whether a woman was sexually abused as a child, sexually precocious, or both? Third, does childhood sexual abuse contribute to an increased risk of having a teenage pregnancy after the influence of other factors related to teenage pregnancy (e. g. , social class) have been accounted for† (Roosa et al. 1997)? 3. â€Å"We expect victims of sexual abuse to have first voluntary coitus earlier, to be less likely to use contraception, to be more likely to participate in high-risk sexual behaviors (e. g. , sex with strangers), and to have a higher number of sexual partners than their peers who were not sexually abused† (Roosa et al. , 1997). 4. The variables being studied is sexual history, High-risk sexual behavior, Sexual abuse, Sexual history pa thways, childhood physical abuse, and High-risk behaviors. Roosa et al. , 1997). 5. The participants were 2,003 women, 18 to 22 years old, living in Arizona. (Roosa et al. , 1997). 6. â€Å"Participants completed the questionnaire alone or in groups. They recorded their responses on computer-scored answer sheets to ease data entry and minimize errors. After completing the questionnaire, a participant placed her answer sheet in an envelope, sealed the envelope, and gave it to either the project manager or agency representative† (Roosa et al. , 1997). 7. We used chi-square and analysis of variance to compare sociodemographic and risk factor profiles of (a) women who were sexually abused as children with their non-abused peers and (b) women who had teenage pregnancy with those who did not. Next, we compared the incidence of teenage pregnancy for five sexual history pathways using chi-square. Finally, we used logistic regression to determine whether experiences of childhood sexua l abuse contributed to risk for teenage pregnancy after the influences of other variables had been accounted for† (Roosa et al. 1997). 8. â€Å"The results of our study do not support arguments that sexual abuse is a major contributor to the risk for teenage pregnancy† (Roosa et al. , 1997). 9. The importance of the findings is that childhood sexual abuse contributed little to the likelihood of teenage pregnancy. The severity of sexual abuse was not significantly related to teenage pregnancy. Sexual abuse followed by sexual precocity was related to a higher risk of teenage pregnancy for some. (Roosa et al. , 1997). 10. The results were limited by two methodological factors. First, the sample, although large, was a sample of convenience from a single state, and participants were slightly more educated than the average for this cohort. Second, this was a cross-sectional study that relied on the recall of events that occurred several necessary years prior to the surveyâ₠¬  (Roosa et al. , 1997). 11. â€Å"It may be important for future studies to identify factors that explain the risk associated with sexual abuse for these subgroups† (Roosa et al. , 1997). It was also stated that in the future longitudinal studies are necessary to establish causality. Roosa et al. , 1997). II. Summary The United States has the highest rate of teenage pregnancy with about 25 percent of all U. S. women having a pregnancy by the age of 18 (Roosa et al. , 1997). The purpose of this study was to determine if childhood sexual abuse is a factor associated with an increased risk for teenage pregnancies (Roosa et al. , 1997). Recent studies have reported that sexual abuse is more common among pregnant teenagers than in general population and therefore could possibly be a major contributor to teenage pregnancy. Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain the linkage between childhood sexual abuse and teenage pregnancy. Roosa et al. , (1997) outlined several mechanisms including (a) some teenage pregnancies may be the direct result of sexual abuse, (b) childhood sexual abuse may socialize female victims to believe that their purpose in life is to fulfill the sexual needs of others, (c) the lowered self-esteem of sexual abuse victims may make them more vulnerable to males’ sexual advances, and (d) victims of incest may plan pregnancies as a means of escaping from their victimization. Three research questions guided this effort: First, do women who were sexually abused as children and women who had teenage pregnancy have similar developmental backgrounds (sociodemographic and risk factor profiles)? Second, does the risk for teenage pregnancy differ, based on whether a woman was sexually abused as a child, sexually precocious, or both? And for those who experienced both abuse and precocity, does the relative timing of these events make a difference in risk for teenage pregnancy? Third, does childhood sexual abuse contribute to an increased risk of having a teenage pregnancy after the influence of other factors related to teenage pregnancy (e. g. , social class) have been accounted for? (Roosa et al. , 1997) The variables being studied are sexual history, high-risk sexual behavior, sexual abuse, sexual history pathways, childhood physical abuse, and high-risk behaviors. Sexual history was assessed by asking about the respondent’s age of menarche, first coital experience, use of birth control, and pregnancy (Roosa et al. 1997). Any pregnancy occurring before age 18 was labeled a teenage pregnancy. High risk sexual behavior was described as anyone who had sex for alcohol, drugs, or money; having sex with strangers, having multiple sex partners, and not using birth control (Roosa et al. , 1997). Roosa et al. , (1997) used five mutually sexual history pathways to examine the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and teenage pregnancy: One pathway rep resented those who reported no precocious sexual activity and no sexual abuse before the age of 18. A second pathway represented women who were sexually abused before age 18 with no precocious sexual activity. A third pathway represented those who had been abused before their first precocious sexual experience. A fourth pathway represented those who had been abused before age 18 but after their first precocious sexual experience. A fifth pathway represented participants who had not experienced any sexual abuse before the age of 18 but who were sexually precocious. The last measures used were childhood physical abuse. Eight questions dealing with spanking and hitting adapted from the Conflict Tactics Scale (Roosa et al. , 1997). Participants were 2,003 women, 18 to 22 years old, living in Arizona (Roosa et al. , 1997). Participation was limited to this age range to reduce reporting bias due to widely varying time intervals since sexual history events occurred (Roosa et al. , 1997). The women were recruited at 44 sites in urban and rural areas throughout Arizona (Roosa eta l. , 1997). Participants completed the questionnaire alone or in groups, with assistance from the project manager (Roosa et al. 1997). They recorded their responses on computer-scored answer sheets to ease data entry and minimize error (Roosa et al. , 1997). To analyze the results chi-square and analysis of variance were used to compare sociodemographic and risk factor profiles of (a) women who were sexually abused as children with their non-abused peers and (b) women who had a teenage pregnancy with those who did not (Roosa et a l. , 1997). Next, they compared the incidence of teenage pregnancy for five sexual history pathways using chi-square (Roosa et al. , 1997). Finally, they used logistic regression to determine whether experiences of childhood sexual abuse contributed to the risk for teenage pregnancy after the influences of other variables had been accounted for (Roosa et al. , 1997). Using data from 2,003 women this study took three approaches to examine the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and the likelihood of teenage pregnancy. The results of the study did not support the argument that sexual abuse is a major contributor to the risk for teenage pregnancy (Roosa et al. , 1997). Childhood sexual abuse contributed little to the likelihood of teenage pregnancy in this sample (Roosa et al. , 1997). According to Roosa et al. , (1997), it may be important for future studies to identify factors that explain the risk associated with sexual abuse of different subgroups. Regardless of the strengths of associations found or the number of factors statically controlled, it cannot be determined which relationships may be casual and which may be spurious (Roosa et al. , 1997). Longitudinal studies are necessary to establish causality.

Air Water Soil Noise Pollution - 2621 Words

Pollution Introduction Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or living organisms. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat, or light. Pollutants, the elements of pollution, can be foreign substances or energies, or naturally occurring; when naturally occurring, they are considered contaminants when they exceed natural levels. Pollution became a popular issue after World War II, due to radioactive fallout from atomic warfare and testing. Then a non-nuclear event, The Great Smog of 1952 in London, killed at least 4000 people.This prompted some of the first major modern environmental†¦show more content†¦Ground level ozone (O3) formed from NOx and VOCs. Ozone (O3) is a key constituent of the troposphere (it is also an important constituent of certain regions of the stratosphere commonly known as the Ozone layer). Photochemical and chemical reactions involving it drive many of the chemical processes that occur in the atmosphere by day and by night. At abnormally high concentrations brought about by human activities (largely the combustion of fossil fuel), it is a pollutant, and a constituent of smog. Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) - similarly formed from NOx and VOCs. Minor air pollutants include: A large number of minor hazardous air pollutants. Some of these are regulated in USA under the Clean Air Act and in Europe under the Air Framework Directive. A variety of persistent organic pollutants, which can attach to particulate matter. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes. Because of this, they have been observed to persist in the environment, to be capable of long-range transport, bioaccumulate in human and animal tissue, biomagnify in food chains, and to have potential significant impacts on human health and the environment. Health effects of Air Pollution: The World Health Organization states that 2.4 million people die each year from causes directly attributable to air pollution, with 1.5 million of these deaths attributable to indoor airShow MoreRelatedThe Hazardous Effects of Pollution to the Environment and Human Health.Docx Uploaded Successfully1376 Words   |  6 PagesThe Hazardous Effects of Pollution to the Environment and Human Health Abstract Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that causes adverse change. It can take the form of chemical substances or energy. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants. 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People dirty the air with gases and smoke, poison the water  with chemicals  and other substances, and damage  the soil  with too many fer tilizers and pesticides:  People also  pollute their surroundings in various other ways. For example, they ruin  natural beauty  by scattering junk and litter on the land and in the water. They operate machines  and motor  vehicles that fill the air with disturbing noise. NearlyRead MoreImportance Of Water Pollution Essay1176 Words   |  5 Pagescovered in water. As the Earth’s population continually increases, we are putting too much stress on our water sources. The environmental campaign organization WWF states,  Pollution from toxic chemicals threatens life on this planet. Every ocean and every continent, from the tropics to the once-pristine polar regions, is contaminated. In Indonesia, the Citarum River is the most polluted river in the world. 5 million people live in the river’s basin and many depend on the flow as their only water sourceRead MoreInadequate Sanitary Facilities At Dhaka Water And Sewerage Authority ( Dwasa ) Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironmental threat in Bangladesh. Dhaka Water and Sewerage Authority (DWASA) can serve only for 15 to 20% of city population. In absence of the sanitation and infrastructural services, 40% having septic tank and soak pit, 15% using pit latrines and 30% using open latrines. The sewage is mostly released into low-lying areas and river water in untreated manner causing great environmental hazards. 4. Arsenic Contamination of Ground Water Arsenic in ground water poses a serious environmental hazard forRead MoreSilent Spring, By Rachel Carson1487 Words   |  6 Pagesnatural forms and habits of the plants and animals on the earth are shaped. â€Å"Said Rachel Carson, in her book silent spring, â€Å"In the environment of all invasion, air, soil, rivers and oceans are the most shocking pollution, and some of them even fatal pollution. Such pollution is largely irreversible. â€Å"The planet, which provides us food, water and shelters is being destroyed by human beings. If immediate action is not taken, we don’t know what the earth will be. We are not the last people to exist or

John F. Kennedy Life and Times - 853 Words

John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born in Brookline, Massachusetts on May 29, 1917. John’s mother’s name was Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald Kennedy and his father, Joseph Patrick Kennedy. Rose and Joseph had 9 children in total. John had a very competitive childhood with his older brother Joseph Patrick Junior. Jack (JFK) was sick very often in his childhood, but nether less he was very active in sports and very social. Jack’s brother Joe Jr. was his parents’ favorite son. Joseph Patrick Kennedy was the youngest bank president at the young age of 25 and he soon became a multimillionaire. Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald, her father was the mayor of Boston and he was also a popular politician. The Kennedy’s were raised with love and care, but their†¦show more content†¦Jack was now trying to gain political experience, so he planned to run for a seat in the House of Representatives for Massachusetts. Jack won the election on November 5, 1946 and he h ad 73% of the votes. He spent a lot of time learning how the federal system is and how it works. He was reelected twice for the House of Representatives. â€Å"Jack was very close to his sister Kathleen, known affectionately as â€Å"Kick.† Kathleen died on May 15, 1948, in a plane crash in France. The many deaths in his family began to affect Jack, who wondered if he, too, would die young.† John Fitzgerald Kennedy married Jacqueline Bouvier, also known as Jackie, on September 12, 1953. Jack started thinking about running for presidency when he under the weather. He tried to win the nomination for vice president against Estes Kefauver, Jack lost. His wife had her first child who was born prematurely and did not survive. They, Jack and Jackie had their second child on November 27, 1957. Jack announced that he was running for the presidency two years after their second child was born. Jack’s opponent was Richard Nixon, who was the vice president to Eise nhower. Despite what was against him, like his heath, his father’s uncertain reputation as a businessman and a politician, and him being Catholic, Jack did well in the primaries. Jack was the Democratic Party’s candidate, with Lyndon Baines Johnson as the viceShow MoreRelatedJfk Essay865 Words   |  4 Pagesblack suit made his way to the podium and started to speak to the people who had elected him. John F. Kennedy, many called him Jack, was raised in a nice home in Boston with his eight siblings, a loving mom, a series of nannies and his political father. He and his family had a vacation home that they visited in the summer and John was able to attend prestigious boarding schools. Everyone knows John F. Kennedy was the 36th president of the United States but how he got to be America’s leader wasn’t justRead MoreJohn F. Kennedys Life, Struggles, and Accomplishments Essay872 Words   |  4 Pages John F. Kennedy’s beginnings These words said by a powerful president, who had helped this country not only be successful but a very strong country. John F. Kennedy said these words to tell Americans, you need to care for your country not just yourself. John F. Kennedy was not only a president but he was in the U.S. Navy, which I think means he has pride in his country and was willing to do anything he could do to make it a better place. In chronological order I will discuss John F. Kennedy’sRead MoreFormer First Lady, Michelle Obama, Defined Success As â€Å"The1579 Words   |  7 Pagesrecollect John F. Kennedy as a successful individual during the 1950’s because of the advances he made to the growing nation. Through his years in office, Kennedy grew the economy with several policies which contributed to stronger ties with foreign countries. Not only did he stand up for the rights of African - Americans through a time of segregation, but he also helped guide the way for minority groups and foll owed his expression, â€Å"Get America Moving Again.† President John F. Kennedy was effectiveRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy: The King of Camelot1039 Words   |  5 Pagesand strives for change? The man of the hour is John Fitzgerald Kennedy. On May 29, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts one of America’s most beloved presidents is birthed into The Kennedy Family, a socially and politically prominent family residing in Massachusetts. Named after his mother’s father, John Fitzgerald Kennedy would go on to become one of the most influential president’s to grace the oval office. His parents Rose and Joseph Kennedy, were members of Boston’s most prominent IrishRead More The Political Legacy of President John F. Kennedy Essay examples1626 Words   |  7 PagesThe Political Legacy of President John F. Kennedy There is something about John F. Kennedy. Could it be his charisma and charm that still entrances America? Maybe it is his elevated status as a pop culture icon that bedazzles most American citizens. It might be the martyr status he attained through his tragic assassination that makes American culture revere him as a President. Whatever the reason is that defines John F. Kennedy as probably one of the most beloved Presidents in AmericanRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy Essay1302 Words   |  6 Pagesof America, John Fitzgerald Kennedy remains the youngest man ever elected to the office of Chief Executive, and the youngest man to die while still fulfilling his duties. Serving as Americas President, John F. Kennedy held his office for 1000 days, dying November 22nd, 1963, assassinated at the age of 46. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born on May 29th, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts, the second son of nine children of the wealthy Roman Catholic Kennedy family. Joseph Patrick Kennedy, Kennedys fatherRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy Not Only A Great President But A Naval897 Words   |  4 PagesJohn F. Kennedy not only a great president but a naval hero to our country. He stopped The Cuban Missile Crisis in which was almost a nuclear world war and he is recognized as one of the best presidents ever. John F. Kennedy is one of the greatest presidents ever and he had many great achievements. John F. Kennedy was president from January 20, 1961 through November 22,1963 when he was assassinated in Texas. John F. Kennedy was born on May 29th, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts. He was the 35thRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy: A Legacy Never Forgotten1377 Words   |  6 Pages Forgive your enemies, but never forget their names(Brainy Quotes). John F Kennedy said this during one of his speeches, and ironically no one will ever forget the name of the person who murdered him, Lee Harvey Oswald, an enemy of the American Public. When Kennedy ran for office, he had to seem like the more experienced candidate and appeal to all of the people. During his speeches, Kennedy engaged his audiences and they hung on his every word. However, the tragic event of his assassinationRead MoreThe Life of John F. Kennedy800 Words   |  4 Pages John F. Kennedy was the 35 president and was shot driving through Dallas, TX by Lee Harvey Oswald. John married Jackie Bouvier on September 12, 1953.They got married at Bouvier in Newport, Rhode Island. They were married for 10 years. They had four children named Caroline, John , Patrick, and Arabella.Caroline was born on November 27,1957. John was born on November 25,1960, and died July 16, 1999 in a plane crash involving his wife and kids. Patrick was born on , and died 2 days after birthRead MoreAn Amazing Person, President John F. Kennedy Essay796 Words   |  4 PagesJohn F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy was a very influential man while he was alive. In his early life, he was around politics and money that influenced him to go into politics later on. As Kennedy enlisted into the army, he faced many challenges. During his time as President he had many more challenges to overcome like the Cuban Missile Crisis as well as many others. While Kennedy had many setbacks, he succeeded in almost everything he did while he was alive. John never gave up in trying the